![]() ![]() When the Macintosh computer was introduced, WYSIWYG page layout using Aldus PageMaker became popular. As of November 2011, for instance, HP no longer sold monitors in portrait mode, although they have a display stand which permits the user to attach two monitors and rotate either from landscape to display. The later advent of the World Wide Web, whose pages are largely in portrait mode, failed to result in a widespread return to portrait displays. However, Portrait Display Labs leaped into this market niche, producing a number of rotating CRT monitors as well as software which could be used as a driver for many video cards. Within a short period of time, the DisplayWriter and other dedicated word processors were no longer available. Thus, it had a keyboard without a large backspace key at first, substituting a key widely used in computer software writing. However, according to a long-time regional manager of the IBM personal computer division, speaking in confidence to the author of this entry in the mid-1980s, when the IBM PC was introduced, no portrait mode was made available for two reasons: (1) Top management did not want the PC division to undermine the DisplayWriter product, (2) The computer was designed with spreadsheets and software development in mind, not word processing. The height of the market for these computers was the late 1970s and early 1980s, prior to the introduction of the IBM PC. ![]() Lanier, Wang, and CPT also made competing dedicated word processing computers with portrait modes. The IBM DisplayWriter had a portrait monitor and keyboard with large backspace key, as it was designed for use in word processing instead of spreadsheets. Xerox product marketers did not understand how revolutionary the system was, and the portrait display faded away while common landscape-display televisions were appropriated for use as an inexpensive early microcomputer display. Portrait mode was first used on the Xerox Alto computer, which was considered technologically well ahead of its time when the system was first developed. If a full-page illustration be printed landscape, the inscription or caption beneath must read from foot to head." In the 1932 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, the entry for " frontispiece" gave: "The frontispiece … may be printed either upright (termed portrait) or broad way (termed landscape). Landscape viewing, on the other hand, visually caters to the natural horizontal alignment of human eyes at the same time landscape details are much wider than they are taller, and is therefore useful for portraying wider visuals with multiple elements that need to be observed simultaneously. It is also preferred for smartphone use, as a phone in portrait orientation can be operated easily with one hand. Portrait mode is preferred for editing page layout work, in order to view the entire page of a screen at once without showing wasted space outside the borders of a page, and for script-writing, legal work (in drafting contracts etc.), and other applications where it is useful to see a maximum number of lines of text. By default, most computer and television displays use landscape orientation, while most mobile phones use portrait orientation (with some flexibility on modern smartphones to switch screen orientations according to user preference). Most paper documents use portrait orientation. Many types of visual media use landscape mode, especially the 4:3 aspect ratio used for classic TV formatting, which is 4 units or pixels wide and 3 units tall, and the 16:9 aspect ratio for newer, widescreen media viewing. īesides describing the way documents can be viewed and edited, the concepts of "portrait" and "landscape" orientation can also be used to describe video and photography display options (where the concept of " aspect ratio" replaces that of "page orientation"). ![]() The term "landscape orientation" also reflects visual art terminology, where pictures with more width than height are needed to fully capture the horizon within an artist's view. The term "portrait orientation" comes from visual art terminology and describes the dimensions used to capture a person's face and upper body in a picture in such images, the height of the display area is greater than the width. The two most common types of orientation are portrait and landscape. Page orientation is the way in which a rectangular page is oriented for normal viewing. Vertical monitor in portrait orientation to the left and a landscape main display in the center ![]()
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